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<title>Flight training</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Flight training</span></span>

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<p><b>Flight training</b> is a course of study used when learning to <a href="Aviator" class="mw-redirect" title="Aviator">pilot</a> an <a href="Aircraft" title="Aircraft">aircraft</a>. The overall purpose of primary and intermediate flight training is the acquisition and honing of basic <a href="Airmanship" title="Airmanship">airmanship</a> skills.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Flight training can be conducted under a structured accredited syllabus with a <a href="Flight_instructor" title="Flight instructor">flight instructor</a> at a flight school or as <a href="Private_lesson" class="mw-redirect" title="Private lesson">private lessons</a> with no syllabus with a flight instructor as long as all experience requirements for the desired pilot certificate/license are met.

</p><p>Typically flight training consists of a combination of two parts:

</p>

<ul><li><i>Flight Lessons</i> given in the aircraft or in a certified <a href="Flight_simulator#Types_of_flight_training_devices_in_service" title="Flight simulator">Flight Training Device</a>.</li>

<li><i>Ground School</i> primarily given as a classroom lecture or lesson by a flight instructor where aeronautical theory is learned in preparation for the student's written, oral, and flight pilot certification/licensing examinations.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>

<p>Although there are various types of aircraft, many of the principles of piloting them have common techniques, especially those aircraft which are heavier-than-air types.

</p><p>Flight schools commonly rent aircraft to students and licensed pilots at an hourly rate. Typically, the hourly rate is determined by the aircraft's <a href="Hobbs_meter" title="Hobbs meter">Hobbs meter</a> or <a href="Tach_timer" title="Tach timer">Tach timer</a>, therefore the student is only charged while the aircraft engine is running. Flight instructors can also be scheduled with or without an aircraft for pilot proficiency and recurring training.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The oldest flight training school still in existence is the <a href="Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a>'s (RAF's) <a href="Central_Flying_School" title="Central Flying School">Central Flying School</a> formed in May 1912 at <a href="RAF_Upavon" title="RAF Upavon">Upavon</a>, <a href="United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The oldest civil flight school still active in the world is based in <a href="Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> at the <a href="Wasserkuppe" title="Wasserkuppe">Wasserkuppe</a>. It was founded as "Mertens Fliegerschule", and is currently named "Fliegerschule Wasserkuppe".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Licences">Licences</h2></div>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Pilot_licensing_and_certification" title="Pilot licensing and certification">Pilot licensing and certification</a></div>

<p>The <a href="International_Civil_Aviation_Organization" title="International Civil Aviation Organization">International Civil Aviation Organization</a> sets global standards for Pilot licensing that are implemented and enforced by a country's <a href="Civil_aviation_authority" title="Civil aviation authority">Civil aviation authority</a>. Pilots must first meet their country's requirements to obtain a <a href="Student_pilot_certificate" title="Student pilot certificate">Student pilot certificate</a> which is used for training towards a <a href="Private_Pilot_Licence" class="mw-redirect" title="Private Pilot Licence">Private Pilot Licence</a> (PPL). They can then progress to a <a href="Commercial_Pilot_Licence" class="mw-redirect" title="Commercial Pilot Licence">Commercial Pilot Licence</a> (CPL), and finally an <a href="Airline_Transport_Pilot_Licence" class="mw-redirect" title="Airline Transport Pilot Licence">Airline Transport Pilot Licence</a> (ATPL).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Some countries have a <a href="Light_Aircraft_Pilot_Licence" class="mw-redirect" title="Light Aircraft Pilot Licence">Light Aircraft Pilot Licence</a> (LAPL), but this cannot be used internationally.

</p><p>Separate licences are required for different <a href="Aircraft_category" title="Aircraft category">aircraft categories</a>, for example <a href="Helicopters" class="mw-redirect" title="Helicopters">helicopters</a> and <a href="Aeroplanes" class="mw-redirect" title="Aeroplanes">aeroplanes</a>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ratings">Ratings</h2></div>

<p>A <a href="Type_rating" title="Type rating">type rating</a>, also known as an endorsement, is the process undertaken by a <a href="Aviator" class="mw-redirect" title="Aviator">pilot</a> to update their license to allow them to fly a different type of <a href="Aircraft" title="Aircraft">aircraft</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="Class_rating" title="Class rating">class rating</a> covers multiple aircraft.

</p><p>An <a href="Instrument_rating" title="Instrument rating">instrument rating</a> allows a pilot to fly under <a href="Instrument_flight_rules" title="Instrument flight rules">instrument flight rules</a> (IFR). A <a href="Night_rating" title="Night rating">night rating</a> allows a pilot to fly at night (that is, outside of <a href="Civil_twilight" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil twilight">Civil twilight</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<ul><li><a href="B%C3%A1r%C3%A1ny_chair" title="Bárány chair">Bárány chair</a></li>

<li><a href="Bachelor_of_Aviation" title="Bachelor of Aviation">Bachelor of Aviation</a></li>

<li><a href="Ground_Instructor" title="Ground Instructor">Ground Instructor</a></li>

<li><a href="Integrated_pilot_training" title="Integrated pilot training">Integrated pilot training</a></li>

<li><a href="Pilot_licensing_and_certification" title="Pilot licensing and certification">Pilot licensing and certification</a></li>

<li><a href="Pilot_certification_in_the_United_States" title="Pilot certification in the United States">Pilot certification in the United States</a></li>

<li><a href="Pilot_licensing_in_Canada" title="Pilot licensing in Canada">Pilot licensing in Canada</a></li>

<li><a href="Pilot_licensing_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Pilot licensing in the United Kingdom">Pilot licensing in the United Kingdom</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/handbooks_manuals/">"Handbooks & Manuals"</a>. <i>faa.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Culnane, Michael J., <i>Instructor Rating Ground School Course</i>, Accelerated Aviation Training, December 2001, page iii.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aopa.org/training-and-safety/learn-to-fly/how-it-all-works-learning-to-fly">"How it all Works: Learning to Fly"</a>. <i>www.aopa.org</i>. 4 February 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thebalancecareers.com/aircraft-rental-wet-vs-dry-rates-282590">"Here's What to Know About Aircraft Rentals and Wet vs. Dry Rates"</a>. <i>The Balance Careers</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1912/1912%20-%200347.html">"Royal flying corps: Central Flying school"</a>. <i>Flight Archive</i>. Flight global. 20 April 1912<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFJenrich2007" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Jenrich, Joachim (2007). <i>Die Wasserkuppe – Ein Berg mit Geschichte</i> [<i>The water dome – A mountain with history</i>] (in German). Fulda, <a href="Germany" title="Germany">DE</a>: Parzeller. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-3-7900-0389-5</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icao.int/APAC/Meetings/2019%20COSCAP%20SEAEASA%20PEL/AN01_cons.2019_compressed.pdf">"Personnel Licensing, Annex 1 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation, Twelfth Edition"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>International Civil Aviation Organization</i>. July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/14/61.31"><i>Federal Air Regulation</i></a>, vol. 61, US: GPO</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCanada2010" class="citation web cs1">Canada, Transport (20 May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tc.canada.ca/en/aviation/publications/civil-aviation-sample-examination-recreational-pilot-permit-private-pilot-licence-aeroplane-tp-13014/10-air-law">"1.0 Air Law"</a>. <i>Transport Canada</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/27557">Learning to Fly: A Practical Manual for Beginners (1916)</a> by <a href="Claude_Grahame-White" title="Claude Grahame-White">Claude Grahame-White</a> and Harry Harper</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/handbooks_manuals/aviation/media/faa-h-8083-27a.pdf">Student Pilot Guide</a> from the <a href="FAA" class="mw-redirect" title="FAA">FAA</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flyingmag.com/pilot-technique/new-pilots/flight-school-do-accelerated-flight-training-programs-work/">Accelerated Flight Training</a> from Flying Mag.</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eurocockpit.be/sites/default/files/eca_pilot_training_compass_back_to_the_future_13_0228_0.pdf">Pilot Training Compass: Back to the Future</a> from <a href="European_Cockpit_Association" title="European Cockpit Association">European Cockpit Association</a>.</li></ul>

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